The target setting of the study is determined by the relevance of the implemented policy of the Russian state and the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 8, 2018 No. 204, which reflects the key goals and strategic guidelines /objectives for the period up to 2024, and as support for the implementation of the development vector, the need to invest in the development of the national economy with an emphasis on priority areas. The processes of transformation in production and economic activity are a kind of parrying the needs of society in the ongoing modifications, which confirms the exhaustion of the possibilities of progress. Thus, such transformation processes are primarily aimed at leveling the existing contradictions between the inertia of the dynamics of socio-economic relations and the qualitative nature of the changes. Noting the global nature of the issue and proceeding from the trends emerging in the world market, namely the processes of changes at the level of national economies and services, it follows that they will differ and have the so-called trajectories of formation and movement of their own kind. As the main task of the study and in accordance with the set goal, the diagnostics of the state of the national economy was carried out and an assessment of the current models of the structural transformation of the Russian economy was made. Diagnostics of the current mechanism of investment in the production sector, as one of the factors contributing to the development of the Russian economy, along with the designated research problems, made it possible to identify the dependence of the national economy on the ongoing processes in the world market and, on this basis, form and propose a number of directions for implementation in practice, which are seen to contribute to the structural transformation and growth of the national economy. The theoretical conclusions and directions for smoothing the disproportions in the development of certain areas in the structure of the economy and, as a consequence of its structural transformation, formed in the process of research, will contribute to the acceleration of the stabilization process and the growth of the economy of the updated type, and can also serve as a basic basis for further research and development in this area.