In the context of the formation of a multipolar world, the problem of assessing and ensuring national competitiveness is of particular importance for China, India and Russia. Existing methods for assessing national competitiveness are based mostly on the indices of the World Economic Forum and the Institute of Management, which are overly politicized and opaque. In this regard, approaches to defining national competitiveness were identified and systematized, methodological approaches to its assessment were investigated and systematized, which made it possible to develop the author’s index for assessing current national competitiveness. The indicators underlying the index do not depend on the results of surveys and, accordingly, are as reliable and transparent as possible. When calculating the index, data from international organizations are used. The developed national competitiveness index was calculated for the period 2010-2022 for China, India and Russia. The highest values were demonstrated by the current competitiveness index of China, which, like India, was characterized by annual growth in all indicators. Russia was second, but a slowdown in all indicators posed a threat. Russia's competitive advantage is national welfare, which is the ultimate goal of achieving national competitiveness. In order to further increase this indicator in Russia, as well as ensure national competitiveness in general, high productivity should be maintained and the production of high-tech products should be stimulated.