The main problem with the interaction between the state and businesses in the digital environment is that it is not very efficient, particularly within the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector. Existing models of digitalization reproduce administrative bureaucracy, ignore the institutional specifics of the country, and do not provide a synergistic effect. The article identifies the following systemic gaps: the dominance of a centralized approach, weak business involvement, fragmentation of digital platforms, low digital maturity of SMEs, and the lack of adaptive feedback mechanisms. The purpose of the study was to develop a conceptual three-component model of digital interaction between the state and business, taking into account the Russian institutional specifics and capable of overcoming the identified barriers by balancing between centralization and autonomy, as well as ensuring a synergistic effect from cooperation. The study is based on institutional analysis using the theory of institutional matrices by S.G. Kirdina (X-Y theory). The methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis (taking into account the experience of the EU, the USA, China, and Singapore), analysis of secondary data (reports by the Higher School of Economics, NAFI, the World Bank, and the OECD), and conceptual modeling were used. Based on this, a three-component (X-Y-Z) model of digital interaction was proposed. As a result of the research, the author developed an original conceptual model of digital interaction, which includes the following the X-component reflects state institutions (centralization, sovereignty, and regulatory oversight); the Y-component includes market mechanisms (flexibility, initiative, networking, APIs, and crowdsourcing); and the Z-component acts as a meta-level of integration, encompassing digital law, adaptive regulations, cross-matrix standards, and a technological interface (AI, digital twins, and blockchain). The model also includes a feedback system based on DAO-like mechanisms and offers a step-by-step implementation process, from diagnosing the institutional landscape to quantifying synergies. The proposed X-Y-Z model does not oppose the state and business, but integrates them into a single adaptive ecosystem, where digitalization becomes a tool for institutional transformation rather than just automation. This creates a foundation for sustainable, balanced, and inclusive digital economy development, focusing on SMEs and regional characteristics.
The main problem with the interaction between the state and businesses in the digital environment is that it is not very efficient, particularly within the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector. Existing models of digitalization reproduce administrative bureaucracy, ignore the institutional specifics of the country, and do not provide a synergistic effect. The article identifies the following systemic gaps: the dominance of a centralized approach, weak business involvement, fragmentation of digital platforms, low digital maturity of SMEs, and the lack of adaptive feedback mechanisms. The purpose of the study was to develop a conceptual three-component model of digital interaction between the state and business, taking into account the Russian institutional specifics and capable of overcoming the identified barriers by balancing between centralization and autonomy, as well as ensuring a synergistic effect from cooperation. The study is based on institutional analysis using the theory of institutional matrices by S.G. Kirdina (X-Y theory). The methods of theoretical analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis (taking into account the experience of the EU, the USA, China, and Singapore), analysis of secondary data (reports by the Higher School of Economics, NAFI, the World Bank, and the OECD), and conceptual modeling were used. Based on this, a three-component (X-Y-Z) model of digital interaction was proposed. As a result of the research, the author developed an original conceptual model of digital interaction, which includes the following the X-component reflects state institutions (centralization, sovereignty, and regulatory oversight); the Y-component includes market mechanisms (flexibility, initiative, networking, APIs, and crowdsourcing); and the Z-component acts as a meta-level of integration, encompassing digital law, adaptive regulations, cross-matrix standards, and a technological interface (AI, digital twins, and blockchain). The model also includes a feedback system based on DAO-like mechanisms and offers a step-by-step implementation process, from diagnosing the institutional landscape to quantifying synergies. The proposed X-Y-Z model does not oppose the state and business, but integrates them into a single adaptive ecosystem, where digitalization becomes a tool for institutional transformation rather than just automation. This creates a foundation for sustainable, balanced, and inclusive digital economy development, focusing on SMEs and regional characteristics.