Foreign and Russian experience in the development of charging infrastructure: comparative analysis and recommendations for the Kaliningrad region
The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of the charging infrastructure of electric transport in the Kaliningrad region in comparison with neighboring countries - Poland, Lithuania, Germany and Belarus. The relevance of the topic is determined by the accelerated growth of electromobility and the need to harmonize regional policies with international standards for sustainable transport. The Kaliningrad region, having the status of an exclave and a strategic position at the junction of the EU and the EAEU, is considered as a pilot region of Russia in the field of electric transport, where it is possible to test the best foreign practices. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of the charging infrastructure, identify institutional and technological limitations and propose directions for its development, taking into account the experience of neighboring countries. The methodology includes comparative and systems analysis, cross-country comparison of charging station densities, tariff models, technical standards and financing mechanisms. The study used data from international organizations (IEA, ACEA), industry associations and national energy operators. The results of the analysis show that the Kaliningrad region is significantly inferior to neighboring regions in terms of the density of charging stations and the level of their standardization. At the same time, Belarus demonstrates a balanced approach between the Russian and European models: the development of a centralized Mobi.Electro network, the use of OCPP/OCPI protocols, a flexible tariff policy and the introduction of public-private partnership mechanisms. This experience can be adapted by Kaliningrad with minimal costs and a high degree of compatibility with EU infrastructure. The article proposes a three-stage development model until 2035, including the standardization of equipment and services, the creation of a single payment and roaming platform, the expansion of the network of stations with priority to high-speed points, as well as the integration of facilities into the regional energy system with smart charging elements. The implementation of these measures will increase the investment attractiveness of the sector, accelerate the transition to environmentally friendly transport and ensure technological compatibility of the Kaliningrad region with neighboring countries.
Soloviev, D. A., Semenova, L. V. (2025), “Foreign and Russian experience in the development of charging infrastructure: comparative analysis and recommendations for the Kaliningrad region”, Research Result. Business and Service Technologies, 11 (4), pp.
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