Tourist Clusters and Demographic Revitalization of Regions
In the context of the demographic crisis and regional differentiation, it becomes necessary to search for tools for sustainable economic development. Tourism serves as a definite driver of demographic revitalization, at the same time, empirical estimates of this effect remain fragmentary. Existing studies mainly consider the concept of "smart directions" through the introduction of digital technologies, which leads to incomplete conclusions and limits the practical significance of the results obtained. The study uses spatial econometric models (SAR/SEM) to assess the cause-and-effect relationships of tourism projects with demographic indicators of the subjects of the Russian Federation for the period 2015-2024. The study is based on an analysis of the maturity index of the service ecosystem, which includes criteria for strategic management, stakeholder engagement, sustainability, and measurement of results. It was revealed that regions with a high level of maturity of tourist ecosystems demonstrate statistically significant indicators of net migration (a difference of +0.16 per 10 thousand. population, p=0.003), the proportion of the population aged 20-39 years (+2.1 percentage points, p=0.012) and employment in the service sector (+1.8 percentage points, p=0.006) compared with the control group. Spatial models have revealed that the positive impact extends to neighboring regions within a radius of up to 300 km. The concept of "smart directions" is the formation of an integrated service ecosystem, where digital tools act as a tool for achieving the goals of sustainable economic development. The demographic effect manifests itself with a lag of 3-5 years and is mediated by the quality of management of the tourist destination.
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